{"id":4104,"date":"2025-04-29T16:04:27","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T16:04:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/?p=4104"},"modified":"2025-07-07T13:09:19","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T13:09:19","slug":"dadaab-hope-for-refugees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/stories\/dadaab-hope-for-refugees\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental Refugees"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4104\" class=\"elementor elementor-4104\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-080a223 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"080a223\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5474ea7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5474ea7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Environmental Refugees\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1123d54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1123d54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"autorestoria\">by Luca Catalano Gonzaga<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d1f777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"7d1f777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1310\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1310\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Part of <b>Child survival in a changing climate<\/b> <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M177 159.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 255.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 329.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1310\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9562df4 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9562df4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1310\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e8fe8c e-grid e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e8fe8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169d11d elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"169d11d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/artisanal-gold-mining\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG3520-768x512-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-144\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG3520-768x512-1.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG3520-768x512-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/artisanal-gold-mining\/\">Borneo, Indonesia - 2014<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Artisanal gold mining<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73ff3ad elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"73ff3ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/besieged-by-the-gobi\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__Mongolia_Gobi04-768x512-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3503\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__Mongolia_Gobi04-768x512-2.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__Mongolia_Gobi04-768x512-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__Mongolia_Gobi04-768x512-2-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__Mongolia_Gobi04-768x512-2-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/besieged-by-the-gobi\/\">Gobi desert, Mongolia - 2012<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Besieged by the Gobi<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b776ab elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"3b776ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/the-hidden-focus\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Portraits-Kenya17-768x512-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-167\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Portraits-Kenya17-768x512-1.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Portraits-Kenya17-768x512-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/the-hidden-focus\/\">Dadaab, Kenya - 2012<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">The hidden focus<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d922aa elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"7d922aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/blown-away\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__India_eolic02-768x512-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3506\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__India_eolic02-768x512-2.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__India_eolic02-768x512-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__India_eolic02-768x512-2-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__India_eolic02-768x512-2-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/blown-away\/\">Dhule, India - 2011<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Blown away<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a4c8e5 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"6a4c8e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG_Nepal_glacial_lake05-1-768x512-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3507\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG_Nepal_glacial_lake05-1-768x512-2.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG_Nepal_glacial_lake05-1-768x512-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG_Nepal_glacial_lake05-1-768x512-2-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG_Nepal_glacial_lake05-1-768x512-2-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/glacial-lake-outburst-flood\/\">Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake, Nepal - 2011<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Glacial lake outburst flood<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-573a413 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"573a413\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/thriving-mosquitoes\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Malaria21-768x512-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3508\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Malaria21-768x512-2.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Malaria21-768x512-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Malaria21-768x512-2-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Malaria21-768x512-2-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/thriving-mosquitoes\/\">Chirindu-Zambia - 2014<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Thriving mosquitoes<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf7aa13 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"cf7aa13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/coastal-flooding-in-bengal-bay\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__Bangladesh_Flood03-768x512-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3509\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__Bangladesh_Flood03-768x512-2.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__Bangladesh_Flood03-768x512-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__Bangladesh_Flood03-768x512-2-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LCG__Bangladesh_Flood03-768x512-2-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/coastal-flooding-in-bengal-bay\/\">Bengal Bay, Bangladesh - 2010<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Coastal flooding in Bengal Bay<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-714658f elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"714658f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/the-shifting-sands-of-the-sahel\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Desertification_Sahel02-768x512-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3510\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Desertification_Sahel02-768x512-2.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Desertification_Sahel02-768x512-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Desertification_Sahel02-768x512-2-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Desertification_Sahel02-768x512-2-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/stories\/the-shifting-sands-of-the-sahel\/\">Shael-Burkina Faso - 2012<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">The shifting sands of the Sahel<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b84d1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b84d1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><div class=\"postbox\"><div class=\"expcont\"><p>There is no clear definition for those people called \u201cEnvironmental refugees\u201d and this category isn\u2019t covered by the 1951 Refugee Convention; such Convention extends only to people who have a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, and are unable or unwilling to seek protection from their home Countries. Environmental migration is like an unexploded device: in a not-too-distant future, the whole planet shall face the economic and social burden of its consequences. By 2050, one in 45 people will be an environmental migrant\u2014200\/250 million people in total \u2013 today there are already tens of millions (source, IOM and UN). Ninety percent of these 200\/250 million migrants live in developing countries. Composed of 5 camps and with a population of more than 420.000 refugees, Dadaab \u2013 located in the North of Kenya and a few kilometers from the border of Somalia \u2013 is the largest refugee camp in the world. Three quarters of its population are children under the age of 12, women and elderly people. However, arriving to Dadaab is no survival guarantee, especially for children who are malnourished, unhealthy and vulnerable. The camp was originally opened as a temporary site in 1992 and is still home to people fleeing famine and drought. Thousands of Somalis are heading to the Dadaab refugee camp. Hope is buried there, in the unraveling of shanties kept together by the desperation of those who try to escape the famine that hit millions of people in the Horn of Africa. (text by\u00a0<b>Luca Catalano Gonzaga<\/b>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"info_expand\"><div class=\"pluss expanded\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-093cb5f e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"093cb5f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23675cc elementor-arrows-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"23675cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;arrows&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carosello d&#039;immagini\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper swiper-image-stretch\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_01-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Women at the food distribution center at the \u201cIfo refugee camp\u201d. Drought and desertification caused by global warming, forced thousands of Somali refugees across the desert to reach Daadab Camp along the Somalian border with Kenya. They have to wait a month upon arrival and before being admitted and registered in the Camp where they will receive care and food.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Women at the food distribution center at the \u201cIfo refugee camp\u201d. Drought and desertification caused by global warming, forced thousands of Somali refugees across the desert to reach Daadab Camp along the Somalian border with Kenya. They have to wait a month upon arrival and before being admitted and registered in the Camp where they will receive care and food.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_02-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya.  A boy in the midst of the trash in the refugees\u2019 camp of Hagadera, one of the three camps in Dadaab. Children who flee from arid lands, often are not aware that the reason for their move has as deep roots  as those related to climate changes.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya.  A boy in the midst of the trash in the refugees\u2019 camp of Hagadera, one of the three camps in Dadaab. Children who flee from arid lands, often are not aware that the reason for their move has as deep roots  as those related to climate changes.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_03-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Women get separated from men and put in adedicated queue waiting to receive food.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Women get separated from men and put in adedicated queue waiting to receive food.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_04-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A person is turned away from the food distribution center. Riots and clashes between the police and environmental refugees occur frequently.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A person is turned away from the food distribution center. Riots and clashes between the police and environmental refugees occur frequently.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_05-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Soldiers monitor the perimeter of the Ifo refugees\u2019 camp. Environmental migrants will become 200\/250 million all over the world, but most of them will be in the Sub-Saharan Africa.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Soldiers monitor the perimeter of the Ifo refugees\u2019 camp. Environmental migrants will become 200\/250 million all over the world, but most of them will be in the Sub-Saharan Africa.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"6 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_06-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Thousands of Somalis, fleeing because of the increase of the desertification, after crossing the border with Kenya and have to walk for additional 80 kilometers, then queue every morning in front of the UNHCR Registration Point.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Thousands of Somalis, fleeing because of the increase of the desertification, after crossing the border with Kenya and have to walk for additional 80 kilometers, then queue every morning in front of the UNHCR Registration Point.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"7 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_07-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Refugess walking towards the distribution center operated by the WFP (World Food Program). The Global Compact on Refugees, adopted by an overwhelming majority in the UN General Assembly in December 2018, recognizes that &quot;climate, environmental degradation and natural disasters increasingly interact with the drivers of refugee movements&quot;.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Refugess walking towards the distribution center operated by the WFP (World Food Program). The Global Compact on Refugees, adopted by an overwhelming majority in the UN General Assembly in December 2018, recognizes that \"climate, environmental degradation and natural disasters increasingly interact with the drivers of refugee movements\".<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"8 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_08-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Moments of tension during food distribution.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Moments of tension during food distribution.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"9 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_09-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Moments of tension for the distribution of food inside the Dadaab refugee camp. According to the statistics published by the IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre), every year since 2008 an average of 26.4 million persons around the world have been forcibly displaced by floods, windstorms, earthquakes or droughts. This is equivalent to one person being displaced every second.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Moments of tension for the distribution of food inside the Dadaab refugee camp. According to the statistics published by the IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre), every year since 2008 an average of 26.4 million persons around the world have been forcibly displaced by floods, windstorms, earthquakes or droughts. This is equivalent to one person being displaced every second.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"10 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_10-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Flow control of migrants waiting to be registered at the UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency), registration point.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Flow control of migrants waiting to be registered at the UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency), registration point.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"11 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_11-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Flow control of migrants waiting to be registered at the UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency), registration point.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Flow control of migrants waiting to be registered at the UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency), registration point.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"12 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_12-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Migrants waiting to be admitted at UNHCR registration point at Ifo camp.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Migrants waiting to be admitted at UNHCR registration point at Ifo camp. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"13 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_13-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Environmental refugees waiting to enter the food distribution center managed by the WFP (World Food Program).\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Environmental refugees waiting to enter the food distribution center managed by the WFP (World Food Program).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"14 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_14-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  The UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency) registration point at the Ifo refugee camp. In this area assigned to the UN, every single refugee is photographed and fingerprinted. The UNHCR registration point is a miraculous goal:  it finally means tents, lavatories, drinking water, healthcare facilities and food.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  The UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency) registration point at the Ifo refugee camp. In this area assigned to the UN, every single refugee is photographed and fingerprinted. The UNHCR registration point is a miraculous goal:  it finally means tents, lavatories, drinking water, healthcare facilities and food.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"15 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_15-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Frying oil cans inside the area destined to food distribution for the refugees.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Frying oil cans inside the area destined to food distribution for the refugees.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"16 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_16-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Women with the passes entitling them to collect food at the distribution point at Ifo, one of the three refugee camps in Dadaab.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Women with the passes entitling them to collect food at the distribution point at Ifo, one of the three refugee camps in Dadaab.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"17 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_17-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A few female refugees walking toward the food distribution center, where food distribution takes place twice a month.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A few female refugees walking toward the food distribution center, where food distribution takes place twice a month.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"18 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_18-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  People carrying food aid inside the Ifo refugees camp.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  People carrying food aid inside the Ifo refugees camp.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"19 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_20-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Ifo camp view. Global warming and the subsequent desertification represent a decisive factor for the migration of millions of eco-refugees all over the world.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Ifo camp view. Global warming and the subsequent desertification represent a decisive factor for the migration of millions of eco-refugees all over the world.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"20 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_21-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  The Refugees camp of Ifo, one of the three camps in Dadaab.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  The Refugees camp of Ifo, one of the three camps in Dadaab.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"21 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_22-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Mother and daughter in a moment of leisure. In this refugees\u2019 camp, the largest in the world, there are already 440,000 displaced persons (UNHCR data). Here the children have a 50 percent chance of surviving, mothers arrive after having lost their children on the journey from Somalia, and here they wait for five days without water or food before completing the registration procedures.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Mother and daughter in a moment of leisure. In this refugees\u2019 camp, the largest in the world, there are already 440,000 displaced persons (UNHCR data). Here the children have a 50 percent chance of surviving, mothers arrive after having lost their children on the journey from Somalia, and here they wait for five days without water or food before completing the registration procedures.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"22 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_23-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  The refugees camp of Hagadera, one of the three camps in Dadaab. At least 1,500 starving people arrive every day in a Kenyan town called Dadaab, not far from its border with Somalia, 500 km north of Nairobi.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  The refugees camp of Hagadera, one of the three camps in Dadaab. At least 1,500 starving people arrive every day in a Kenyan town called Dadaab, not far from its border with Somalia, 500 km north of Nairobi.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"23 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_24-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Girl in a moment of leisure.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Girl in a moment of leisure. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"24 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_25-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A woman at the Dagahaley refugees camp, one of the three camps in Dadaab. The Horn of Africa is one of the regions in the world where climate change is endured the most, and it adds up to all-natural disasters that have always characterized the area, such as floods, drought and famine, thus causing an unprecedented wave of migration.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A woman at the Dagahaley refugees camp, one of the three camps in Dadaab. The Horn of Africa is one of the regions in the world where climate change is endured the most, and it adds up to all-natural disasters that have always characterized the area, such as floods, drought and famine, thus causing an unprecedented wave of migration.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"25 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_26-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  According to scientist Mayer, a total amount of 200\/250 million environmental refugees will be reached by 2050. Taking into account the huge number, both current and future, of persons displaced for ecological reasons, the 21st century could be defined as the &quot;Century of environmental refugees&quot;, although the term is not yet recognized by international law.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  According to scientist Mayer, a total amount of 200\/250 million environmental refugees will be reached by 2050. Taking into account the huge number, both current and future, of persons displaced for ecological reasons, the 21st century could be defined as the \"Century of environmental refugees\", although the term is not yet recognized by international law.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"26 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_27-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A woman at the Dagahaley refugees camp, one of the three camps in Dadaab. The displacement of populations as a result of environmental changes is not a new phenomenon. In human history, people have always moved in search of a more suitable place for living. Unlike in the past, however, rising temperatures and increasingly extreme weather events are causing a strong impact on the lives of peoples around the world.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A woman at the Dagahaley refugees camp, one of the three camps in Dadaab. The displacement of populations as a result of environmental changes is not a new phenomenon. In human history, people have always moved in search of a more suitable place for living. Unlike in the past, however, rising temperatures and increasingly extreme weather events are causing a strong impact on the lives of peoples around the world.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"27 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_28-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Inside the refugees camp of Hagadera.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Inside the refugees camp of Hagadera.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"28 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_29-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Refugee in her home in the refugees camp of Ifo. According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in 2060 there will be about 50 million climate refugees in Africa.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Refugee in her home in the refugees camp of Ifo. According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in 2060 there will be about 50 million climate refugees in Africa.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"29 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_30-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Adapting to the impact of catastrophes that hit the Earth every year it is not always possible and often millions of women, men and children are forced to flee their countries in search of better and healthier living conditions.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Adapting to the impact of catastrophes that hit the Earth every year it is not always possible and often millions of women, men and children are forced to flee their countries in search of better and healthier living conditions.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"30 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_31-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Habiba Ali, 7 years old, inside her tent in Dagahaley refugees\u2019 camp. Declining harvests and the risk of hunger are forcing men, women and children to travel in search of food.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Habiba Ali, 7 years old, inside her tent in Dagahaley refugees\u2019 camp. Declining harvests and the risk of hunger are forcing men, women and children to travel in search of food.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"31 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_32-4.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Girl inside her home.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Girl inside her home.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"32 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_33-3.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A child suffering from malaria inside the Ifo camp.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A child suffering from malaria inside the Ifo camp.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"33 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_34-3.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Boys looking for water in the Hagadera refugese camp. Environmental refugees are climate migrants forced to flee because of sudden or gradual alterations in the natural environment linked to at least one of the three impacts of climate change: sea level rise, extreme weather events, drought and water scarcity.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Boys looking for water in the Hagadera refugese camp. Environmental refugees are climate migrants forced to flee because of sudden or gradual alterations in the natural environment linked to at least one of the three impacts of climate change: sea level rise, extreme weather events, drought and water scarcity.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"34 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_37-3.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A young girl at the Daghaley refugees\u2019 camp. The geographic areas expected to be mostly exposed to climate migration will be the developing countries, although in the vast majority of cases they are among those that contribute less to the per capita emissions of greenhouse gases, the main human contribution to climate change.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  A young girl at the Daghaley refugees\u2019 camp. The geographic areas expected to be mostly exposed to climate migration will be the developing countries, although in the vast majority of cases they are among those that contribute less to the per capita emissions of greenhouse gases, the main human contribution to climate change.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"35 of 35\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/LucaCG_38-3.jpg\" alt=\"Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  Woman at the food distribution center at the \u201cIfo refugee camp\u201d.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011.  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class=\"wpr-cv-outer\"><div class=\"wpr-cv-inner\"><div class=\"wpr-slider-content\"><div class=\"wpr-slider-title\"><h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/news\/luca-catalano-gonzaga-conference-at-circolo-fotografico-tina-modotti\/\" target=\"_blank\">   Luca Catalano Gonzaga conference at \u201cCircolo Fotografico Tina Modotti\u201d. <\/a><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"wpr-slider-btns\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-slider-controls\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-slider-dots\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-slider-arrow-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-slider-prev-arrow wpr-slider-arrow\" id=\"wpr-slider-prev-fbafb9a\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-slider-next-arrow wpr-slider-arrow\" id=\"wpr-slider-next-fbafb9a\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Environmental Refugees by Luca Catalano Gonzaga Part of Child survival in a changing climate Borneo, Indonesia &#8211; 2014 Artisanal gold mining Gobi desert, Mongolia &#8211; 2012 Besieged by the Gobi Dadaab, Kenya &#8211; 2012 The hidden focus Dhule, India &#8211; 2011 Blown away Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake, Nepal &#8211; 2011 Glacial lake outburst flood Chirindu-Zambia &#8211; 2014 Thriving mosquitoes Bengal Bay, Bangladesh &#8211; 2010 Coastal flooding in Bengal Bay Shael-Burkina Faso &#8211; 2012 The shifting sands of the Sahel Borneo, Indonesia &#8211; 2014 Artisanal gold mining Gobi desert, Mongolia &#8211; 2012 Besieged by the Gobi Dadaab, Kenya &#8211; 2012 The hidden focus Dhule, India &#8211; 2011 Blown away Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake, Nepal &#8211; 2011 Glacial lake outburst flood Chirindu-Zambia &#8211; 2014 Thriving mosquitoes Bengal Bay, Bangladesh &#8211; 2010 Coastal flooding in Bengal Bay Shael-Burkina Faso &#8211; 2012 The shifting sands of the Sahel There is no clear definition for those people called \u201cEnvironmental refugees\u201d and this category isn\u2019t covered by the 1951 Refugee Convention; such Convention extends only to people who have a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, and are unable or unwilling to seek protection from their home Countries. Environmental migration is like an unexploded device: in a not-too-distant future, the whole planet shall face the economic and social burden of its consequences. By 2050, one in 45 people will be an environmental migrant\u2014200\/250 million people in total \u2013 today there are already tens of millions (source, IOM and UN). Ninety percent of these 200\/250 million migrants live in developing countries. Composed of 5 camps and with a population of more than 420.000 refugees, Dadaab \u2013 located in the North of Kenya and a few kilometers from the border of Somalia \u2013 is the largest refugee camp in the world. Three quarters of its population are children under the age of 12, women and elderly people. However, arriving to Dadaab is no survival guarantee, especially for children who are malnourished, unhealthy and vulnerable. The camp was originally opened as a temporary site in 1992 and is still home to people fleeing famine and drought. Thousands of Somalis are heading to the Dadaab refugee camp. Hope is buried there, in the unraveling of shanties kept together by the desperation of those who try to escape the famine that hit millions of people in the Horn of Africa. (text by\u00a0Luca Catalano Gonzaga). \u00a0 Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Women at the food distribution center at the \u201cIfo refugee camp\u201d. Drought and desertification caused by global warming, forced thousands of Somali refugees across the desert to reach Daadab Camp along the Somalian border with Kenya. They have to wait a month upon arrival and before being admitted and registered in the Camp where they will receive care and food. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya. A boy in the midst of the trash in the refugees\u2019 camp of Hagadera, one of the three camps in Dadaab. Children who flee from arid lands, often are not aware that the reason for their move has as deep roots as those related to climate changes. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Women get separated from men and put in adedicated queue waiting to receive food. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. A person is turned away from the food distribution center. Riots and clashes between the police and environmental refugees occur frequently. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Soldiers monitor the perimeter of the Ifo refugees\u2019 camp. Environmental migrants will become 200\/250 million all over the world, but most of them will be in the Sub-Saharan Africa. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Thousands of Somalis, fleeing because of the increase of the desertification, after crossing the border with Kenya and have to walk for additional 80 kilometers, then queue every morning in front of the UNHCR Registration Point. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Refugess walking towards the distribution center operated by the WFP (World Food Program). The Global Compact on Refugees, adopted by an overwhelming majority in the UN General Assembly in December 2018, recognizes that &#8220;climate, environmental degradation and natural disasters increasingly interact with the drivers of refugee movements&#8221;. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Moments of tension during food distribution. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Moments of tension for the distribution of food inside the Dadaab refugee camp. According to the statistics published by the IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre), every year since 2008 an average of 26.4 million persons around the world have been forcibly displaced by floods, windstorms, earthquakes or droughts. This is equivalent to one person being displaced every second. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Flow control of migrants waiting to be registered at the UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency), registration point. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Flow control of migrants waiting to be registered at the UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency), registration point. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Migrants waiting to be admitted at UNHCR registration point at Ifo camp. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Environmental refugees waiting to enter the food distribution center managed by the WFP (World Food Program). Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. The UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency) registration point at the Ifo refugee camp. In this area assigned to the UN, every single refugee is photographed and fingerprinted. The UNHCR registration point is a miraculous goal: it finally means tents, lavatories, drinking water, healthcare facilities and food. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Frying oil cans inside the area destined to food distribution for the refugees. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Women with the passes entitling them to collect food at the distribution point at Ifo, one of the three refugee camps in Dadaab. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. A few female refugees walking toward the food distribution center, where food distribution takes place twice a month. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. People carrying food aid inside the Ifo refugees camp. Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya 2011. Ifo camp view. Global warming and the subsequent<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-stories"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4104"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8366,"href":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4104\/revisions\/8366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.witnessimage.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}